Tag Archive for: BC Family Law

Secret Recordings by Parents in Family Law Cases

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In Canada, it is legal to record a party without their knowledge as long as one of the parties being recorded (which includes the person doing the recording) consents (Criminal Code s. 184(2)). However, simply because something is legal does not mean it will be admissible in court. This is especially so when it comes to secret recordings in family law cases.

A recent case in Ontario, Van Ruyven v Van Ruyven, 2021 ONSC 5963, dealt with two parties who put into evidence secret recordings they had taken of the other. The judge decided that the recordings could not be considered as evidence, and that such conduct was to be discouraged by the courts. This case has been cited by courts in BC, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, as well as Ontario, as judges caution family law litigants from engaging in the questionable activity of secretly recording one’s ex; or worse, one’s child.

Family proceedings can be extremely acrimonious. As such, some parents record the other parent or their child, in an often misguided attempt to collect evidence that the recording party thinks will amount to a “smoking gun”. However, this can often backfire and the recordings may cast doubt on the ability of the recording parent to put the needs of their child in front of their own desire to “win”. This was particularly so in K.M. v J.R., 2022 ONSC 111, where both parents secretly recorded each other, and the judge stated that parents need to be strongly discouraged from engaging in such behaviour.

The judge in that case, who had reviewed the recordings, stated in regards to the content of those recordings that

“[t]he adults were so busy arguing and screaming at each other that they didn’t seem to hear the boy say something that should have been obvious. “I’m scared.” (para 203(f)). The judge went on to say “the manner in which the recording was created raises serious questions about parental insight and sensitivity” (para 208 (e)).

In a similar situation, suspiciously obtained evidence was considered in a recent BC case: Steiner v Mazzotta, 2022 BCSC 827, where, in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a parent snuck onto the other parent’s property and took pictures of the parent who was with the child not wearing a mask in contravention of a previous order. The judge in Steiner admitted the picture as evidence, but stated: “Although the respondent’s poor conduct yielded evidentiary material that I could not properly exclude or ignore, such behaviour is not to be encouraged” (para 11(c)).

Note that whether or not secret recordings will be accepted by the court is up to the discretion of the judge, and that the creation and the attempted use of such recordings may backfire.

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Retroactive Spousal Support and Delay

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Entitlement for spousal support can be contractual, needs-based, or compensatory if one party was disadvantaged by the breakdown of the marriage. Once the court finds entitlement, they consider how long and how much should be paid for spousal support. An order for spousal support can be retroactive as well as ongoing.

In the past, some judges have declined to order retroactive spousal support or ordered a lower amount when there has been substantial delay in seeking spousal support. However, in a recent case, Legge v Legge, 2021 BCCA 365, the Court of Appeal has confirmed that where there is a clear entitlement to spousal support, a court should make a retroactive spousal support award that takes into account both the payor’s circumstances and the objectives of the spousal support, notwithstanding delay.

In this case, the parties separated after an 8-year relationship. The couple had met while the wife was pursuing post-secondary education, and decided to move to Alberta for the husband’s employment. The wife’s education was interrupted while both parties worked. They had a child together, and the wife became her primary caregiver and worked part-time. Following their separation, the wife initiated court proceedings for spousal support among other things, however, she never received a final or interim spousal support order.

Several years later, the husband commenced a divorce and property division action, and the wife counterclaimed for retroactive spousal support. At trial, the judge found that the wife had been disadvantaged by the marriage and also had a needs-based entitlement for spousal support, but that the 10 years since the parties had separated constituted undue delay. As a result, they declined to make a retroactive spousal support award.

On appeal, the court found that the trial judge had given insufficient weight to the wife’s needs and hardship, and thus the Order had failed to meet the spousal support objectives. The Court of Appeal was further persuaded by the recent Supreme Court of Canada Case Michel v. Graydon, 2020 SCC 24, which highlights the many obstacles to access to justice faced by family litigants, and requires courts to consider the reason for any delay in bringing proceedings. As a result, the Court of Appeal awarded the wife a lump sum retroactive spousal support award of $27,000.

Do you think you might have a case for a retroactive spousal support appeal?

Heath Law LLP is a full-service law firm serving Nanaimo and Vancouver Island that boasts high calibre, experienced legal counsel in divorce and family law. Review our Family Law page, meet our lawyers, or read more of our blog articles or contact us to book an appointment with one of our highly skilled lawyers.

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